Socio-Economic Objective Classification (SEO) Codes

This classification allows R&D to be categorised according to the purpose or outcome of the R&D as perceived by the data provider (researcher). It consists of discrete economic, social, technological or scientific domains for identifying the principal purposes of the R&D. The attributes applied to the design of the SEO classification comprise a combination of processes, products, health, education and other social and environmental aspects of particular interest. Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC) 2008.

Sector A - Defence

This sector covers R&D directed towards the development of defence or national security, and the development and testing of military or defence related equipment and materials. It includes R&D undertaken for military reasons regardless of their content or whether they have secondary civil applications, and nuclear and space R&D undertaken for military purposes. This sector has one division.

Sector B - Economic Development

This sector covers R&D which is directed towards the improvement of economic and industrial activities, and towards the framework in which the economy operates. Such improvements may have wider benefits, but these are not the principal objectives.

This sector has ten divisions:

Section C - Society

This sector covers R&D directed towards the improvement of society. Such improvements may have wider benefits, such as economic benefits, but these are not the principal objectives of the R&D.

This sector has four divisions:

Section D - Environment

This sector covers R&D directed towards the study and improvement of the physical environment, both of pristine and degraded or altered conditions. Such improvements may have wider benefits, but these are not the principal objectives of the R&D. It includes studies of the environmental impact of socio-economic activities as well as R&D for the development of social and economic environmental policies.

This sector has one division.

Section E - Expanding Knowledge

This sector covers R&D which contributes to the general advancement of knowledge. This sector should only be used when no specific purpose under any of the other sectors can be identified.

This sector only includes R&D which is:

  • pure basic research (i.e. R&D efforts which are undertaken to acquire new knowledge without any specific application or looking for long term benefits other than the advancement of knowledge); or
  • strategic basic research (i.e. R&D efforts undertaken acquire new knowledge directed into specified broad areas in the expectation of practical discoveries).

This sector has one division.

DIVISION 81 DEFENCE

This division has one group.

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DIVISION 82 PLANT PRODUCTION AND PLANT PRIMARY PRODUCTS

This division covers R&D directed towards improving the characteristics, propagation and growing of crops, plantation forests and the production of associated primary plant products.

It includes:

  • forestry;
  • horticultural, grain and oilseed crops;
  • crops principally intended for industrial applications (industrial crops);
  • post-harvest processing, preparation, handling, and storage of primary plant products; and
  • environmentally sustainable plant production.

This division has eight groups.

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DIVISION 83 ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND ANIMAL PRIMARY PRODUCTS

This division covers R&D directed towards breeding and farming livestock and the production of associated primary livestock products.

It includes:

  • growing pasture, browse and fodder crops;
  • aquaculture, commercial and recreational fishing;
  • the preparation of primary livestock products; and
  • environmentally sustainable animal production.

This division has seven groups.

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DIVISION 84 MINERAL RESOURCES (EXCL. ENERGY RESOURCES)

This division covers R&D which primarily benefits or has application to the exploration, mining, extraction and processing of mineral resources, other than energy mineral resources. It includes R&D directed towards environmentally sustainable exploration, extraction and processing of mineral resources.

This division has five groups.

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DIVISION 85 ENERGY

This division covers R&D directed towards energy resources and the supply of energy.

It includes:

  • exploration, mining, extraction, preparation and supply of energy mineral resources;
  • energy production, transformation, storage, distribution and supply;
  • efficient use and conservation of energy; and
  • environmental sustainability of energy activities.

This division has nine groups.

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DIVISION 86 MANUFACTURING

This division covers R&D directed towards refining and developing processes or strategies for transforming processed or unprocessed materials or components into new products.

It also includes R&D directed towards environmentally sustainable production of manufactured products and materials.

This division has nineteen groups.

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DIVISION 87 CONSTRUCTION

This division covers R&D directed towards construction activities.

It includes:

  • use and performance of building materials and the processes for which they are used;
  • functions of engineering, planning, design, management and building services in the construction industry;
  • development and supply of components and materials which are assembled and placed on site to form buildings, but manufactured off-site;
  • design, supply and installation of building services; and
  • environmental sustainability of construction activities.

This division has seven groups.

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DIVISION 88 TRANSPORT

This division covers R&D directed towards improving the efficiency, safety and utility of transport systems for moving freight, passengers or livestock by ground, water, air or any combinations of these (e.g. sea-air transport) or by any other means.

It includes:

  • transport safety;
  • oceanic currents and processes that impinge on sea safety or navigation;
  • transport services and transport support services;
  • transport infrastructure; and
  • environmental sustainability of transport activities.

This division has five groups.

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DIVISION 89 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SERVICES

This division covers R&D directed towards the development, support and provision of information and communication services.

It includes:

  • telecommunication services;
  • computer programming or software services;
  • library and library database services;
  • presentation of educational displays for museums, art galleries and similar institutions;
  • printing and publishing of books and newspapers; and
  • environmental sustainability of information and communication services.

This division has six groups:

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DIVISION 90 COMMERCIAL SERVICES AND TOURISM

This division covers R&D directed towards the provision of commercial services to the economic and social development sectors.

It includes:

  • financial, property and business support services;
  • tourism;
  • trade;
  • water and waste services; and
  • environmental sustainability of commercial services and tourism.

This division has six groups:

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DIVISION 91 ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK

This division covers R&D directed towards the understanding of the economic framework of development and the application of economic theory to assist development. It includes R&D directed towards developing measurement standards and calibrations services which make a contribution to the economic framework.

This division has six groups.

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DIVISION 92 HEALTH

This division covers R&D directed towards human health, including the understanding and treatment of clinical diseases and conditions and the provision of public health and associated support services.

This division has six groups:

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DIVISION 93 EDUCATION AND TRAINING

This division covers R&D directed towards improving education and training.

This division has six groups:

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DIVISION 94 LAW, POLITICS AND COMMUNITY SERVICES

This division covers R&D directed towards law, politics and community services.

It includes:

  • work and employment;
  • provision of community and social services, including welfare, to individuals or community groups;
  • social justice and general equity; and
  • government, politics and international relations.

This division has five groups:

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DIVISION 95 CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING

This division includes R&D directed towards improved understanding of culture.

It includes:

  • arts and leisure activities;
  • religion and ethics;
  • history and heritage; and
  • social and cultural aspects of communication.

TThis division has six groups:

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DIVISION 96 ENVIRONMENT

This division has fifteen groups:

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DIVISION 97 EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE

This division has one group.

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